Dealerships have a computer that can be hooked to it and program the remotes that way, but they usually charge for that. However, most also usually have a little box that will sense if a signal is being trasmitted, good tester unit, and can find out if the remote is working for free. That is how we test to see if the battery is dead or not without having to take it apart and break out the volt-meter.
Since you took it apart and know how it setup, you can see how basic it is. Basically if its getting power it either works or doesn't. Best thing is to try a new battery just to be safe, try to reprogram, make sure no fuses are blown on the car that may interfere with the receiver working.
While you are replacing the battery, check on this. Common issue with most remotes I see is the battery connector at the 2 outter spots breaks and it gets a horrible power connection, if it gets one at all. If its broken a quick drop of solder can fix it for a little while, otherwise its time to replace the board as well. Could be the problem.
Otherwise, if the battery went dead for any reason and buttons were pressed it could have reset the remote and lost the programming.